Citing Sources: Chicago/Turabian - Notes Style

Footnote Form:

     ^{Note Number.} Author's First and Last Names, Title of Work (Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication), XX-XX.

Footnote Example:

     ^1. Jared Diamond. Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed (New York: Viking Penguin, 2005), 44-47.

Bibliography Form:

Bibliography Example:

• Footnotes:
  • List the authors in standard order (First Name, Last Name).
  • For three or more authors, use the term and to connect the last author's name.
  • If there are four or more authors, list only the first author's name followed by the term, et al., followed by the title of the book.
• Bibliograpghy
  • The first author will be inverted (Last name, First name) -- All subsequent authors will use standard order (First, Last).
  • All of the authors must be listed in the bibliograpghy. Do not use et al.

Footnote Form:

     ^{Note Number.} Author #1's First and Last Names and Author #2's First and Last Names, Title of Work (Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication), XX-XX.

Footnote Example:

     ^2. Deborah Kalb, Gerhard Peters, and John T. Woolley, State of the Union: Presidential Rhetoric from Woodrow Wilson to George W. Bush (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2007), 407-415.

Bibliography Form:

Bibliography Example:

• Chicago Style dictates a special format for works appearing in encyclopedias or dictionaries. Other types of reference sources will usually follow the guidelines for citing Chapter or Sections of a Book.
• Because most of these works are arranged alphabetically -- the abbreviation s.v. (Latin for "under the word") followed by the entry title is used in place of the page numbers in the notes.
• Put the edition of the work (if applicable) after the title with the label, ed.
• If an article is unsigned, simply start the note and bib citation with the Reference Work title.

Footnote Form (Signed entry)::

     ^{Note Number.} Author's First and Last Names, Title of Reference Work, # ed. (Edition of the work), (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), s.v. "Title of article or entry."

Footnote Example:

     ^3. Graham Cosmas, Dictionary of American History, 3rd ed. (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003), s.v. "Vietnam War."

Bibliography Form:

Bibliography Example:

• If you consult only one part or section of a book, follow the guidelines below.
• After you list the author and title of the section, give the entire book title and editor using the term, in before the title of the book and the abbreviation, ed. in the footnote and edited by in the bibliography.
• Your note should include the individual page number of your reference and your bibliography should include the page number range of the chapter or section.
• If the original book consists of many volumes (like many in the Garver Room), put the volume number in front of the page numbers (i.e. 4:34-56)
• Use this example for works in Anthologies or Collections

Footnote Form:

     ^{Note Number.} Author's First and Last Names, "Title of chapter or section" in Title of Work, ed. Editors' First and Last Names (Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of Publications),XX.

Footnote Example:

     ^4. Jean-Louis Bruguiere, "The Iraq War Has Increased the Threat of Terrorism," in The Middle East, ed. Debra Miller (Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2008),87.

Bibliography Form

Bibliography Example

• Generally, interviews are not included in your bibliography -- unless they are critical to your paper/argument or frequently cited.
• Other communications (telephone, email, etc...) should include the name of the other person, the type of communication, and the date of the communication.
• If the interview appears in a magazine or journal, use that example for your citation.

Footnote Form:

     ^{Note Number.} First name of interviewee, Last Name of interviewee, interview by First and Last Names of interviewer, place of interview, date of interview (if known).

Footnote Example:

     ^5. Barbara Chase, interview by Drederick Tatum, Andover, MA, May 1, 2007.

Bibliography Form:

Bibliography Example:

• Journals are typically more specialized than magazines, use citations, and are written for scholars/experts by scholars/experts.
• If there is more than one author, follow the author guidelines under the "Book with Two or More Authors Examples".
• If there is an issue number, place it after the volume number with the abbreviation, no.. If there is no issue number, you can omit it.
• XX-XX refers to the page numbers of your quote (footnote) and/or source (bibliography).

Footnote Form:

     ^{Note Number.} Author's First and Last Names, “Title of Article,” Title of Journal Volume number (no abbreviations), no. # (Issue number -- if available) (Date of Publication): XX-XX.

Footnote Example:

     ^6. Carolyn, Caywood, “When School isn’t Cool: Peer Pressure may Affect Academic Success,” School Library Journal 44, no. 3 (March 1998): 45.

Bibliography Form:

Bibliography Example:

• Magazines can be published weekly or monthly, are more accessible (i.e. use non-technical or non-specialized language), and usually do not contain citations.
• If there is more than one author, follow the author guidelines under the "Book with Two or More Authors Examples".
• XX-XX refers to the page numbers of your quote (footnote) and/or source (bibliography).

Footnote Form:

     ^{Note Number.}Author First Name, Author Last Name, “Title of Article,” Magazine Title, Date of Publication, XX-XX.

Footnote Example:

     ^7. John Barry, "Why the Allies Won," Newsweek, May 23, 1984, 30-32.

Bibliography Form:

Bibliography Example:

• Like Reference Books, Chicago Style does not require newspaper articles to appear in your bibliography -- only in the notes.
• You can choose to include an article in your bibliography if it is critical to your argument or frequently cited.
• The Chicago Manual recommends that you omit page numbers from newspaper references because the same item may have several different page numbers according to the edition.
• If you are using the Online Edition, simply add the URL and access date (see "Book with Two or More Authors Examples" Database example or Website Example.

Footnote Form:

     ^{Note Number.} Author First and Last Name, "Title of Article," Newspaper Title, Date of Article.

Footnote Example:

     ^8. Katy Butler, "The Grim Neurology of Teenage Drinking," New York Times, July 4, 2006.

Bibliography Example:

Bibliography Example:

• You must include information beyond the URL of the website.
• Try to include as much as possible: author, title of page,title or owner of site, URL, and date of access, labeled with the term "accessed".
• If there is no named author, give the name of the owner of the site.
• Use as much description as possible to explain the section of the website where you found your information.

Footnote Form:

     ^{Note Number.} Author first and last name (or Organization title), "Title of web page or section," Title or owner of website, URL of section (accessed date of access).

Footnote Example:

     ^9. Asia for Educators, "The Song Dynasty in China -- Commercialization: Money and Transport," Columbia University, http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/song/commercial/ transport/transport.htm# (accessed November 12, 2007).

Bibliography Form:

Bibliography Example:

• When citing an online source, follow the example for the print source, but include the stable URL (YES - They can be very long) and the date you accessed the material labeled with the term "accessed" .
• If no page numbers are included, use the Example for database articles without page numbers
• The stable URL is typically not what shows up in your browser bar. It can be listed with the citation of the article. If you can't find it, cut and paste the URL in your browser.
• Many will provide citations for you.
  • They are a great place to find the Stable URL of the article.
  • You may use them, but be aware that they may not match the style you are supposed to use or the proper formatting.
  • Double check what the database produces!

Footnote Form:

     ^{Note Number.}. Author's First and Last Names, “Title of Article,” Title of Journal Volume # (Date of Publication): XX-XX, stable URL of article (accessed date of access).

Footnote Example:

     ^10. Carolyn Caywood. “When School isn't Cool: Peer Pressure may Affect Academic Success,” School Library Journal 44. no. 3 (March 1998):133, http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,cpid&custid=s8832860&db=afh&AN=4037 10&site=ehost-live&scope=site (accessed May 20, 2007).

Bibliography Form:

Bibliography Example:

• If the article does not include the original Page numbers -- use this example for citations.
• When citing an online source, follow the example for the print source, but include the stable URL (YES - They can be very long) and the date you accessed the material labeled with the term "accessed" .
• Because there are no page numbers to identify the location of the cited passage, try to add a description (such as a subheading) of where to find the cited passage using the term "under".
• The stable URL is typically not what shows up in your browser bar. It can be listed with the citation of the article. If you can't find it, cut and paste the URL in your browser.
• Many will provide citations for you.
  • They are a great place to find the Stable URL of the article.
  • You may use them, but be aware that they may not match the style you are supposed to use or the proper formatting.
  • Double check what the database produces!

Footnote Form:

     ^{Note Number.}. Author's First and Last Names, “Title of Article,” Title of Journal Volume # (Date of Publication): under "section where passage can be found", stable URL of article (accessed date of access).

Footnote Example:

     ^11. Mervyn J. Bain, “Cuba-Soviet Relations in the Gorbachev Era,” Journal of Latin American Studies 37 (2005):under "Conclusions," http://find.galegroup.com/itx/infomark.do? contentSet=IAC-Documents&docType=IAC&type=retrieve&tabID =T002&prodId=AONE &docId=A139683448&userGroupName=mlin_n_phillips&version=1.0&searchType=BasicSearch Form&source=gale (accessed May 20, 2007).

Bibliography Form:

Bibliography Example: